Low-cost in-vitro fertilisation as reproductive justice: reframing infertility care in global health

Infertility affects tens of millions of people worldwide and is associated with substantial psychological distress, social stigma, gender-based violence, and economic vulnerability, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Yet infertility care remains marginal within global health agendas and is often treated as elective or non-essential. This omission reflects a narrow interpretation of reproductive health that fails to recognise involuntary childlessness as a substantial and preventable source of human suffering.